| HK2 | Hexokinase 2 |
| PFK | Phosphofructokinase |
| PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase M2 |
| LDHA | Lactate dehydrogenase A |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| GLUTs | Glucose transporters |
| HK | Hexokinase |
| PK | Pyruvate kinase |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| PTMs | Post-translational modifications |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α |
| GLUT1 | Glucose transporter type 1 |
| PFKFB3 | Enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 |
| PDK | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase |
| F-2,6-BP | Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate |
| PFK1 | Phosphofructokinase 1 |
| PGAM1 | Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 |
| PHD | Prolyl hydroxylase |
| G6P | Glucose-6-phosphate |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| VDAC | Voltage-dependent anion channel |
| mPTP | Mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| RCC | Renal cell carcinoma |
| ATC | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma |
| PEP | Phosphoenolpyruvate |
| PPP | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| MDSCs | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |
| PDH | Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
| DCA | Dichloroacetate |
| CAFs | Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts |
| TAMs | Tumor-Associated Macrophages |
| GPR81 | G Protein-Coupled Receptor 81 |
| CTLs | Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes |
| NK | Natural Killer |
| Tregs | Regulatory T cells |
| AMPK | AMP-Activated Protein Kinase |
| MCTs | Monocarboxylate transporters |
| 2-DG | 2-Deoxyglucose |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| 3-BP | 3-Bromopyruvate |
| DCs | Dendritic cells |
| MDR | Multi-drug resistance |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
| RT | Radiotherapy |
| PDAC | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| GBM | Glioblastoma |
| TMZ | Temozolomide |
| HR | Homologous recombination repair |
| ICIs | Immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| PTT | Photothermal therapy |
| PDT | Photodynamic therapy |
| PDA | Polydopamine |
| NSCLC | Non-small-cell lung cancer |
| ADCC | Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
| ENO2 | Enolase 2 |
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase |
| NEPC | Neuroendocrine prostate cancer |