Ara	Arabinose
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
COL1A	Collagen type I
DKD	Diabetic kidney disease
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
DSC	Differential scanning calorimetric
DTNB	5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)
ESRD	End-stage renal disease
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
FN	Fibronectin
Fru	Fructose
FT-IR	Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Gal	Galactose
GalA	Galacturonic acid
Glc	Glucose
HG	High glucose
HPGPC	High performance gel permeation chromatography
IC	Ion chromatography
Met	Metformin HCl
Mw	Molecular weight
NG	Normal glucose
PMAA	Partially methylated alditol acetate
PPR	Processed Polygonatum Rhizome
PPRP	Polysaccharides of processed Polygonatum Rhizome
PR	The rhizome of Polygonatum Rhizome
PRP	The polysaccharides of Polygonatum Rhizome
Rha	Rhamnose
RAS	Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors
SEM	Scanning electron microscope
SGLT2	Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
TBA	Thiobarbituric acid
TCM	Traditional Chinese Medicine
TFA	Trifluoroacetic acid
TG	Thermogravimetric
TG-DSC	Thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry analyzer
WST-1	Water-soluble tetrazolium salt
α-SMA	A-smooth muscle actin