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. 2026 Feb 11;14(2):64. doi: 10.3390/diseases14020064
LA Left atrium
T2DM Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
LASr Left atrial strain at reservoir
LAScd Left atrial strain at conduct
LASct Left atrial strain at contraction
LAVI Left atrial volume indexed
LASI Left atrial stiffness indexed
AF Atrial fibrillation
AFL Atrial flutter
AUC Area under the curve
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
DM Diabetes mellitus
YLLs Years of life lost
YLDs Years lived with disability
DALYs Disability-adjusted life-years
CVD Cardiovascular Diseases
MI Myocardial infarction
HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
ASE American Society of Echocardiography
EACVI European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
LAS Left atrial strain
ESC European Society of Cardiology
BMI Body mass index
BSA Body surface area
BP Blood pressure
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
HDL High-density lipoprotein
ECG Electrocardiogram
PACs Premature atrial contractions
LAFI Left Atrial Filling Index
OR Odds ratio
ROC Receiver operating characteristic
LV Left ventricular
LVEDV Left ventricular end-diastolic volume
LVESV Left ventricular end-systolic volume