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. 2026 Feb 11;15(4):650. doi: 10.3390/foods15040650
HMW-GS High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit
LMW-GS Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit
Glu/Gli Glutenin-to-gliadin ratio
UPP Unextractable polymeric proteins
EPP Extractable polymeric proteins
AM/AP Amylose-to-amylopectin ratio
GPC Grain protein content
HRS Hard red spring
SE-HPLC Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
RP-HPLC Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
WAC Water absorption capacity
MTI Mixing tolerance index
LSD Least significant difference
AX Arabinoxylan
RVA Rapid viscosity analyzer
VIP Variable importance in projection