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. 2026 Feb 19;27(4):1986. doi: 10.3390/ijms27041986
AKT Protein kinase B
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1 Activator protein 1
ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4
ATF6 Activating transcription factor 6
ATF6(N) N-terminal active fragment of ATF6
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
UPR Unfolded Protein Response
ATG Autophagy-related genes
BECN1 Beclin-1
BiP Binding immunoglobulin protein
BCL-2 B-cell lymphoma 2
CHOP C/EBP homologous protein
CReP Constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation
DDIT3 DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (gene encoding CHOP)
eIF2α Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha
ERAD Endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation
ERdj3 Endoplasmic reticulum DnaJ homolog 3
ER-phagy Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum
GADD34 Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34
GABARAPL1 GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1
GRP78 Glucose-regulated protein 78
Hsp70 Heat shock protein 70
IRE1α Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LC3B Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MERCs Mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
mTORC1 Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NOD1/2 Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein ½
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
PERK PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PP1 Protein phosphatase 1
RER Rough endoplasmic reticulum
RIDD Regulated IRE1-dependent decay
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SER Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
S1P Site-1 protease
S2P Site-2 protease
TRAF2 Tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 2
TRIB3 Tribbles pseudokinase 3
Vps34 Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
XBP1 X-box binding protein 1
XBP1s Spliced, active form of X-box binding protein 1