| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| DEXA | Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry |
| KNHANES | Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| K–L | Kellgren–Lawrence |
| LBP | Low Back Pain |
| PS | Propensity Score |
| SMD | Standardized Mean Difference |
| VIF | Variance Inflation Factor |
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