| ADL | activities of daily living |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DPM | dyadic pain management |
| IASP | International Association for the Study of Pain |
| mHealth | mobile health |
| NECs | neighborhood elderly centers |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DPM | dyadic pain management |
| IASP | International Association for the Study of Pain |
| mHealth | mobile health |
| NECs | neighborhood elderly centers |
| RCT | randomized controlled trial |