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. 2026 Feb 15;15(4):723. doi: 10.3390/foods15040723
XJ Xijiang
DX Dongxing
QH Qinghua
HS-SPME Headspace solid-phase microextraction
GC-MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
rOAV Relative odor activity value
PCA Principal component analysis
CH.P The Pharmacopeia of the People’s Republic of China
VOCs Volatile organic compounds
SD Standard deviation
ANOVA One-way analysis of variance
HCA Hierarchical cluster analysis
VIP Variable importance in projection
OPLS-DA Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis
Log2FC Log2 fold change
DAVs Differentially accumulated volatiles
TICs Total ion chromatograms
GC-O Chromatography–olfactometry