ADs	Autoimmune diseases
AI	Artificial intelligence
BMI	Body mass index
CD	Crohn’s disease
CFU	Colony forming unit
CRP	C-reactive protein
DCs	Dendritic cells
DMARDs	Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
ESR	Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplantation
GSH	Glutathione
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1c
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-8	Interleukin-8
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-12	Interleukin-12
IL-17	Interleukin-17
IL-23	Interleukin-23
IQR	Interquartile range
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAMPs	Microbial-associated molecular patterns
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex
ML	Machine learning
MS	Multiple sclerosis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NOD	Non-obese diabetic (mouse model)
NO	Nitric oxide
PBC	Primary biliary cholangitis
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
SMD	Standardized mean difference
TAC	Total antioxidant capacity
T1DM	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
UC	Ulcerative colitis