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. 2026 Feb 18;26(4):1314. doi: 10.3390/s26041314
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
BCA Bee Colony Algorithm
ISA Improved Self-Attention
PSO Particle Swarm Optimization
GA Genetic Algorithm
DE Differential Evolution
ACO Ant Colony Optimization
CWRU Case Western Reserve University
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
t-SNE t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
TCN Temporal Convolutional Network
LSTM Long Short-Term Memory
VGG Visual Geometry Group
ResNet Residual Network