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. 2026 Feb 8;14(2):160. doi: 10.3390/toxics14020160
Cr(VI) Hexavalent chromium
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
BCA Bicinchoninic acid
CCCP Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
CCK-8 Cell counting kit-8
DCFH-DA 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
RIPA Radio immunoprecipitation assay
GO Gene Ontology
JC-1 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
MDA Malondialdehyde
MFI Mean fluorescence intensity
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PPI Protein protein interaction
RNA-seq RNA sequencing
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RLU Relative light unit
RT-qPCR Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction
SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
TEM Transmission electron microscopy