3D	Three Dimensional
3GPP	Third Generation Partnership Project
5G	Fifth Generation (Communication networks)
6G	Sixth Generation (Communication networks)
ACAP	Adaptive Computing Acceleration Platform
AI	Artificial Intelligence
AR	Augmented Reality
BERT	Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers
BS	Base Station
CNN	Convolutional Neural Network
CoMP	Coordinated Multi-Point
CSI	Channel State Information
DL	Deep Learning
DRL	Deep Reinforcement Learning
FL	Federated Learning
FSO	Free-Space Optical
GANs	Generative Adversarial Networks
GEO	Geostationary Earth Orbit
GHz	Gigahertz
GPT-3	Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3
HAPS	High-Altitude Platform Stations
i.i.d.	Independently Identically Distributed
IoIT	Internet of Intelligent Things
IoT	Internet of Things
IM/DD	Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection
IMT	International Mobile Telecommunications
IRS	Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
ITU	International Telecommunication Union
LEDs	Light-Emitting Diodes
LEO	Low Earth Orbit
LLM	Large Language Models
LMMSE	Linear Minimum Mean Square Error
LSE	Least Squares Error
MEC	Multi-Access Edge Computing
MIMO	Multiple Input Multiple Output
ML	Machine Learning
MLLM	Multimodal Large Language Model
NLoS	Non-Line-of-Sight
NOMA	Non-orthogonal Multiple Access
OFDM	Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
OTFS	Orthogonal Time Frequency Space
PAPR	Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio
QoS	Quality of Service
QAM	Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
RAN	Radio Access Network
RoBERTa	Robustly Optimized BERT Pre-training Approach
RSS	Received Signal Strength
SAGIN	Space–Aerial–Ground Integrated Networks
SNR	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SLM	Small Language Models
THz	Terahertz
UAV	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
VR	Virtual Reality
XR	Extended Reality