Algorithm 3: Invalid Signal Removal

Input: Geometry G, DyGLIN Index

Output: Success/Failure

1: LeafNode L = $Index.RMI\_Probe(G.Zmin)$

2: /* O(1) tag: Mark as “Deleted” in CF */

3: $L.CF.Insert(G.ID)$

4: /* Mark in MDS if consistent with HMBR, otherwise defer physical removal to merge*/

5: return Success