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. 2026 Feb 14;18(2):242. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18020242
RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ILD interstitial lung diseases
CPA Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
ICU Intensive Care Unit
ARDS respiratory distress syndrome
pMDIs pressurized metered-dose inhalers
DPIs dry powder inhalers
HFA hydrofluoroalkane
MMAD Mass median aerodynamic diameter
Da Particle diameter
Dg Geometric diameter
FPF fine particle fraction
GSD geometric standard deviation
CFD Computational fluid dynamics
ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
NGI Next Generation Impactor
APSD aerodynamic particle size distribution
PSD particle size distribution
ACI Andersen Cascade Impactor
MSLI Multi-Stage Liquid Impinger
GTI Glass Twin Impinger
FSA Fast Screening Andersen
MOC micro-orifice collector
SEDS Solution-Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids
AZM azithromycin
RA rheumatoid arthritis
AM Additive manufacturing
CT Computed tomography
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
CAD Computer-aided design
FDM Fused deposition modeling
SLS Selective laser sintering
DA Aerodynamic diameter
PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PLA Poly(lactic acid)
SLN Solid lipid nanoparticles
NLC Nanostructured lipid carriers
NP Polymeric nanoparticle
ADPIs acoustic dry powder inhalers
SLA stereolithography
LCD liquid crystal display
nCmP nanocomposite microparticles
LOC Lung-on-chip
SCF Supercritical fluid
SAS Supercritical anti-solvent
SFD Spray Freeze Drying
SA-SD supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying
RESS Rapid expansion of supercritical solutions
CO2 Carbon dioxide