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. 2026 Feb 5;18(2):209. doi: 10.3390/v18020209
3AGJ Scaffolded MPER antigen based on PDB 3AGJ
3DA DADADA N-terminal motif
AEAAAK Rigid α-helical linker motif AEAAAK (EAAAK repeats)
AIDA Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence
AIDA-I Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence I autotransporter
AQQASSS Semi-flexible α-helical linker motif AQQASSS
AT Autotransporter
ATs Autotransporters
AUC Area Under the Curve
AUC(ELISA) ELISA area under the curve
AUC(FLOW) Flow cytometry area under the curve
BCR B-cell receptor
BSA Bovine serum albumin
BSL-2 Biosafety level 2
CFU Colony-forming unit
DBTL Design–Build–Test–Learn
EC50 Half-maximal effective concentration
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Env Envelope glycoprotein
FBS Fetal bovine serum
FDR False discovery rate
FLIC Flagellin fragment (TLR5 agonist)
FP Fusion Peptide
FP-like Fusion peptide-like
GC Germinal center
HBSS Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
HET3 Four-way crossbred HET3 mouse stock
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV-1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1
HRP Horseradish peroxidase
ID50 50% inhibitory dilution titer
ID80 80% inhibitory dilution titer
IgG Immunoglobulin G
KWC/GRB Killed Whole-Cell Genome-Reduced Bacteria
LB Luria–Bertani broth/agar
ME5125 Genome-reduced Escherichia coli strain ME5125
MG1655 Escherichia coli strain MG1655
MPER Membrane-Proximal External Region
NCI National Cancer Institute
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIFA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
NIH National Institutes of Health
OD600 Optical density at 600 nm
OX40L OX40 ligand
PADRE Pan DR Epitope (universal CD4+ T-helper epitope)
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PC1 Principal component 1
PC2 Principal component 2
PCA Principal component analysis
PEDV Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
RAU Relative antibody units
RLU Relative luminescence units
ROC Receiver operating characteristic
SEM Standard error of the mean
SOC Super Optimal broth with Catabolite repression
SPF Specific-pathogen-free
TBS Tris-buffered saline
TBST Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20
TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2
TLR2/4 Toll-like receptors 2 and 4
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TLR5 Toll-like receptor 5
TMB Tetramethylbenzidine
TZM-bl HIV-1 reporter cell line TZM-bl
USA United States of America
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
UVA University of Virginia
V1 Scaffold-MPER vaccine 1
V2 Scaffold-MPER vaccine 2
V3 Scaffold-MPER vaccine 3
V4 Scaffold-MPER vaccine 4
V5 Scaffold-MPER vaccine 5
bnAb Broadly neutralizing antibody
bnAbs Broadly neutralizing antibodies
gp41 Glycoprotein 41
rSIP Recombinant surface immunogenic protein