| FMDV | Foot-and-mouth disease virus |
| FMD | Foot-and-mouth disease |
| VPg | Viral protein genome-linked |
| ORF | Open reading frame |
| UTR | Untranslated region |
| SAT | Southern African Territories |
| CDS | Coding sequence |
| ML | Maximum likelihood |
| BIC | Bayesian information criterion |
| AICc | Corrected Akaike information criterion |
| BETS | Bayesian evaluation of temporal signal |
| MCMC | Markov chain Monte-Carlo |
| MCC | Maximum clade credibility |
| MRCA | Most recent common ancestor |
| tMRCA | Time to the most recent common ancestor |