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. 2026 Mar 18;19(3):443–454. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2026.03.03

Figure 1. VRK1 regulates TGF-β2-caused proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells.

Figure 1

A: Observation of ARPE-19 cells under the light microscope (10×, 200 µm); B, C: Western blot measured VRK1 protein level; D, E: Western blot measured VRK1 protein level after transfection of si-VRK1/OE-VRK1; F: CCK-8 assay assessed ARPE-19 cell viability; G, H: EdU staining determined EdU-positive ARPE-19 cells after transfection of si-VRK1/OE-VRK1 (40×, 50 µm); I-L: Transwell assay (I, J) (20×, 100 µm) and Scratch-wound assay (K, L) (10×, 200 µm) measured ARPE-19 cell migration. n=3, bP<0.01 vs control; dP<0.01 vs TGF-β2+si-NC; eP<0.05, fP<0.01 vs TGF-β2+OE-NC. Student's t-test (C) or one-way ANOVA (E, F, H, J, L) was utilized. VRK1: Vaccinia-related kinase 1; TGF-β2: Transforming growth factor-β2; si-VRK1: VRK1 small interfering RNA; OE-VRK1: VRK1 overexpression; EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine; ARPE-19: Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line.