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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2025 Nov 1;388:118744. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118744

Table 3.

Regression results on depressive symptoms.

1 2 3 4a 5a 6b 7b
Bisexual (Ref = Het) 1.64*** 1.02*** −1.37 1.42* −2.40 1.58** −0.03
(0.19) (0.20) (0.96) (0.56) (2.57) (0.58) (2.45)
Lesbian/Gay 0.07 0.08 −1.64 0.27 −1.23 0.15 −4.36
(0.51) (0.80) (2.96) (0.86) (2.95) (1.11) (2.76)
Relationship Quality −0.26*** −0.22*** −0.23*** −0.23*** −0.23*** −0.23*** −0.23***
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01)
Bisexual × RQ 0.08* 0.14 0.06
(0.03) (0.09) (0.09)
Lesbian/Gay × RQ 0.06 0.06 0.16
(0.10) (0.10) (0.09)
Cohabitating (Ref = Mar.) 0.25 0.24 0.28* 0.28+ 0.28* 0.28+
(0.14) (0.14) (0.14) (0.14) (0.14) (0.14)
Dating 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.20
(0.18) (0.19) (0.19) (0.19) (0.18) (0.18)
Dep. Symptoms W1 0.26*** 0.26*** 0.26*** 0.26*** 0.26*** 0.26***
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01)
Male (Ref = F.) −0.62*** −0.62*** −0.74*** −0.74*** −0.74*** −0.74***
(0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11)
Age −0.03 −0.03 −0.04 −0.04 −0.04 −0.04
(0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03)
Black (Ref = White) 0.70*** 0.70*** 0.64** 0.63** 0.64** 0.63**
(0.20) (0.20) (0.19) (0.19) (0.19) (0.19)
Latino 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.20
(0.21) (0.21) (0.20) (0.20) (0.20) (0.20)
Asian 0.54+ 0.53 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.48
(0.32) (0.32) (0.32) (0.32) (0.32) (0.32)
Other 0.28 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.30
(0.42) (0.42) (0.43) (0.42) (0.43) (0.43)
College Degree −0.85*** −0.85*** −0.85*** −0.85*** −0.85*** −0.85***
(0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11)
Have Children −0.17 −0.17 −0.19 −0.19 −0.19 −0.19
(0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11) (0.11)
Interracial Rel. 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.17
(0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15)
Age Diff. 0.05** 0.05** 0.05** 0.05** 0.05** 0.05**
(0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02)
Rel. Duration (Year) −0.01 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01
(0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02)
Same-Sex Rel. −0.38 −0.40 −0.69 −0.91 −0.30 −0.56
(0.71) (0.69) (0.78) (0.75) (1.07) (1.01)
Midwest (Ref = NE) −0.03 −0.02 −0.04 −0.04 −0.04 −0.04
(0.19) (0.19) (0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.19)
South −0.28+ −0.27+ −0.31* −0.30* −0.31* −0.30*
(0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15) (0.15)
West −0.02 −0.02 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01 −0.01
(0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.18) (0.18)
N 11,062 11,062 11,062 11,062 11,062 11,062 11,062
R-squared 0.11 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21
+

p < 0.1,

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001.

Data from Add Health.

a

“Mostly heterosexual” identity is recategorized as heterosexual sample.

b

“Mostly heterosexual” identity is recategorized as heterosexual sample, and “Mostly Homosexual” identity is recategorized as Lesbian/Gay sample.