Table 1.
Characteristics of the population enrolled in the study
| Total (n = 793) |
HT (n = 597) |
RH (n = 196) | Between groups p value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73 ± 8 | 73 ± 8 | 73 ± 7 | 0.650 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 601 (76) | 441 (74) | 160 (82) | 0.028 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Smoking | 679 (86) | 507 (85) | 172 (88) | 0.541 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 607 (77) | 438 (73) | 169 (86) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 365 (46) | 253 (42) | 112 (57) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 199 (25) | 129 (22) | 70 (36) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 197 (25) | 125 (21) | 72 (37) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke/TIA | 73 (9) | 55 (9) | 18 (9) | 0.848 |
| COPD | 64 (8) | 49 (8) | 15 (7) | 0.828 |
| Cancer | 221 (28) | 162 (27) | 59 (30) | 0.422 |
| Rheumatic disorder | 60 (7) | 47 (8) | 13 (7) | 0.569 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 7.0 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | ||||
| Years of claudication | 4 ± 5 | 4 ± 5 | 4 ± 5 | 0.637 |
| Previous revascularization | 196 (25) | 160 (26) | 36 (19) | 0.731 |
| ABI, worst limb | 0.62 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | 0.60 ± 0.20 | 0.063 |
| ABI, best limb | 0.84 ± 0.20 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.057 |
| 6-min walking distance, m | 294 ± 95 | 294 ± 97 | 293 ± 89 | 0.866 |
| Pain-free walking distance, m | 141 ± 95 | 140 ± 94 | 144 ± 95 | 0.599 |
| Antihypertensive drug therapy | ||||
| Calcium channel blockers | 470 | 317 (53) | 153 (78) | < 0.001 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors | 601 | 447 (75) | 154 (79) | 0.256 |
| Beta-blockers | 552 | 381 (64) | 171 (87) | < 0.001 |
| Angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists | 495 | 329 (55) | 166 (85) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 418 | 258 (43) | 160 (82) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 488 | 333 (56) | 155 (79) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 157 ± 21 | 155 ± 22 | 164 ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76 ± 10 | 76 ± 10 | 76 ± 9 | 0.931 |