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. 2025 Sep 9;51(1):53–60. doi: 10.1007/s10900-025-01508-z

Table 3.

Knowledge and attitude towards betel quid chewing among the Orang Asli population by chewing categories (n = 145)

Variable Definitely thought
it is difficult to quit
once someone
starts betel quid
chewing
(N = 63)
Definitely it is not difficult for them to quit once someone starts betel quid chewing
(N = 82)
Chi-Square Value P-value* Thought betel quid
chewing helps
people feel more
comfortable at
celebrations,
parties and social
gatherings
(N = 56)
Thought betel quid
chewing helps
people feel less
comfortable at
celebrations,
parties and social
gatherings
(N = 59)
Thought betel quid chewing helps people feel no difference at celebrations, parties and social gatherings
(N = 30)
Chi-Square Value P-value*
n % n % n % n % n %
Non-Chewer 2 3.2 33 40.2 26.893 < 0.001* 0 0.0 29 49.2 6 20.0 38.732 < 0.001*
Betel Quid1 59 93.7 48 58.5 55 98.2 29 49.2 23 76.7
Betel Leaf2 2 3.2 1 1.2 1 1.8 1 1.7 1 3.3

*Significant when P-value < 0.05

1Chewed betel leaf with addition of areca nut/slaked lime/tobacco/gambier

2Chewed betel leaf without addition of areca nut/slaked lime/tobacco/gambier