Table 2. Cancer mortality trends by type, gender and province (1990–2019).
| Mortality | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019 | AAPC between 1990 and 2019 (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (95% UI) | ASR/100,000 (95% UI) | Cases (95% UI) | ASR/100,000 (95% UI) | Cases (95% UI) | ASR/100,000 (95% UI) | Cases (95% UI) | ASR/100,000 (95% UI) | ||
| Cancer subtype | |||||||||
| Acute lymphoid leukemia | 699 (411–1,366) |
0.5 (0.33–0.85) |
1,048 (696–1,765) |
0.6 (0.43–0.93) |
1,397 (1,006–2,009) |
0.63 (0.46–0.88) |
1,707 (1,281–2,314) |
0.65 (0.49–0.87) |
0.96 (0.87–1.05) |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 605 (471–822) |
0.68 (0.53–0.96) |
873 (663–1,138) |
0.8 (0.65–0.99) |
1,188 (920–1,487) |
0.85 (0.67–1.06) |
1,576 (1,230–1,965) |
0.9 (0.7–1.13) |
0.96 (0.91–0.99) |
| Bladder cancer | 2,806 (2,277–3,393) |
5.48 (4.42–6.64) |
3,544 (3,018–4,111) |
6.29 (5.34–7.33) |
4,469 (3,607–5,351) |
6.52 (5.26–7.81) |
5,818 (4,576–7,412) |
6.42 (5.03–8.09) |
0.54 (0.52–0.57) |
| Brain and central nervous system cancer | 1,784 (1,273–2,596) |
1.87 (1.44–2.54) |
2,489 (1,751–3,346) |
2.21 (1.64–2.82) |
3,225 (2,253–4,088) |
2.22 (1.64–2.81) |
4,105 (2,847–5,344) |
2.27 (1.6–2.98) |
0.67 (0.62–0.71) |
| Breast cancer | 9,807 (7,126–13,283) |
16.19 (11.69–22.13) |
16,107 (13,254–19,604) |
22.15 (18.04–27.38) |
22,607 (17,763–27,913) |
24.53 (19.33–30.07) |
32,118 (24,388–43,374) |
26.34 (20.2–34.86) |
1.71 (1.69–1.75) |
| Cervical cancer | 1,349 (1,087–1,692) |
2.13 (1.7–2.66) |
2,068 (1,589–2,506) |
2.66 (2.07–3.24) |
2,416 (1,823–3,125) |
2.4 (1.82–3.04) |
2,947 (2,095–4,139) |
2.22 (1.57–3.06) |
0.15 (0.12–0.17) |
| Chronic lymphoid leukemia | 410 (336–512) | 0.75 (0.61–0.93) |
592 (493–704) | 0.96 (0.79–1.15) | 760 (621–936) | 0.99 (0.82–1.23) | 1,002 (805–1,269) | 0.99 (0.8–1.24) | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 766 (489–1,263) |
0.9 (0.7–1.16) | 944 (654–1,380) |
0.97 (0.76–1.24) |
1,009 (710–1,396) |
0.84 (0.62–1.08) |
1,107 (845–1,447) |
0.72 (0.55–0.96) |
−0.77 (−0.79 to −0.74) |
| Colon and rectum cancer | 2,968 (2,546–3,430) |
5.43 (4.66–6.3) |
4,715 (4,132–5,330) |
7.49 (6.52–8.48) |
6,271 (5,211–7,433) |
8.03 (6.71–9.51) |
8,605 (6,927–10,776) |
8.34 (6.72–10.41) |
1.49 (1.47–1.52) |
| Esophageal cancer | 4,128 (3,485–4,824) |
7.34 (6.2–8.63) |
5,826 (4,911–6,576) |
8.93 (7.57–10.06) |
7,159 (5,889–8,523) |
8.73 (7.23–10.33) |
8,953 (7,184–11,011) |
8.23 (6.62–9.96) |
0.41 (0.39–0.44) |
| Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer | 1,604 (1,297–2,066) |
2.93 (2.35–3.81) |
2,441 (2,003–2,914) |
3.9 (3.18–4.71) | 2,912 (2,370–3,516) |
3.77 (3.08–4.6) |
3,681 (2,898–4,607) |
3.61 (2.89–4.49) |
0.71 (0.69–0.72) |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 1,152 (875–1,486) |
1.45 (1.1–1.92) |
1,629 (1,197–2,034) |
1.6 (1.23–2.08) | 1,947 (1,399–2,447) |
1.42 (1.05–1.85) |
2,270 (1,645–3,003) |
1.28 (0.94–1.72) |
−0.41 (−0.44 to −0.39) |
| Kidney cancer | 398 (327–478) |
0.66 (0.54–0.79) |
643 (552–759) |
0.93 (0.8–1.1) |
934 (755–1,155) |
1.08 (0.88–1.34) |
1,314 (992–1,763) |
1.16 (0.88–1.56) |
1.95 (1.92–1.98) |
| Larynx cancer | 3,428 (2,853–4,086) |
5.99 (4.98–7.12) |
4,824 (4,105–5,631) |
7.17 (6.09–8.36) | 5,494 (4,394–6,755) |
6.4 (5.19–7.81) | 6,565 (5,042–8,600) |
5.75 (4.47–7.44) | −0.11 (−0.14 to −0.08) |
| Leukemia | 3,364 (2,350–4,511) |
3.76 (2.94–4.55) |
4,439 (3,456–5,711) |
4.23 (3.53–5.02) | 5,359 (4,319–6,577) |
4.07 (3.42–4.9) | 6,492 (5,336–7,817) |
3.94 (3.28–4.72) | 0.18 (0.13–0.21) |
| Lip and oral cavity cancer | 7,141 (6,092–8,406) |
12.18 (10.34–14.32) |
10,726 (9,303–12,253) |
15.26 (13.17–17.38) |
13,459 (11,296–16,088) |
14.99 (12.56–17.86) |
17,567 (14,062–22,169) |
14.72 (11.9–18.34) |
0.68 (0.65–0.7) |
| Liver cancer | 2,060 (1,428–2,752) |
3.47 (2.31–4.72) |
2,615 (2,074–3,209) |
3.83 (2.94–4.79) | 3,198 (2,538–3,856) |
3.72 (2.88–4.55) | 3,912 (3,165–4,833) |
3.46 (2.75–4.3) | 0 (–0.02–0.03) |
| Malignant skin melanoma | 231 (178–303) | 0.38 (0.3–0.52) |
324 (228–399) | 0.45 (0.34–0.57) | 405 (277–499) | 0.44 (0.32–0.56) | 533 (350–691) | 0.43 (0.3–0.57) | 0.44 (0.42–0.45) |
| Mesothelioma | 67 (36–126) | 0.11 (0.06–0.22) |
104 (61–176) | 0.15 (0.09–0.25) | 136 (85–220) | 0.16 (0.1–0.25) | 183 (113–286) | 0.16 (0.1–0.25) | 1.21 (1.18–1.23) |
| Multiple myeloma | 722 (571–901) |
1.31 (1.02–1.62) |
969 (775–1,136) |
1.54 (1.22–1.81) |
1,225 (948–1,487) |
1.55 (1.17–1.88) |
1,618 (1,192–2,027) |
1.54 (1.11–1.91) | 0.59 (0.58–0.61) |
| Nasopharynx cancer | 906 (772–1,036) |
1.42 (1.21–1.64) |
1,214 (1,041–1,404) |
1.55 (1.32–1.79) | 1,495 (1,232–1,789) |
1.45 (1.2–1.73) | 1,859 (1,481–2,325) |
1.35 (1.08–1.7) | −0.15 (−0.18 to −0.13) |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 984 (674–1,293) |
1.42 (1.04–1.84) |
1,525 (993–2,120) |
1.83 (1.26–2.49) | 2,095 (1,321–3,059) |
1.97 (1.32–2.83) | 2,756 (1,854–3,986) |
1.99 (1.4–2.85) | 1.19 (1.16–1.21) |
| Non-melanoma skin cancer (basal-cell carcinoma) |
----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Non-melanoma skin cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma) |
178 (113–246) | 0.37 (0.23–0.51) |
249 (178–345) | 0.44 (0.30–0.62) |
311 (233–425) | 0.45 (0.33–0.61) |
410 (310–572) | 0.46 (0.34–0.63) | 1.22 (1.01 to −1.56) |
| Other leukemia | 884 (411–1,452) |
0.92 (0.51–1.29) |
982 (564–1,519) | 0.91 (0.58–1.23) | 1,004 (685–1,426) | 0.77 (0.55–1.04) | 1,099 (790–1,500) |
0.69 (0.51–0.93) | −0.99 (−1.01 to −0.96) |
| Other pharynx cancer | 1,838 (1,535–2,219) |
3.11 (2.59–3.77) |
2,759 (2,376–3,207) |
3.9 (3.36–4.52) | 3,511 (2,834–4,319) |
3.85 (3.13–4.72) | 4,612 (3,541–6,024) |
3.79 (2.95–4.91) | 0.69 (0.67–0.71) |
| Ovarian cancer | 1,420 (1,104–1,762) |
2.34 (1.81–2.98) |
2,322 (1,836–2,845) |
3.23 (2.64–3.96) | 4,148 (2,757–5,713) |
4.52 (3.07–6.23) | 7,002 (3,672–11,477) |
5.75 (3.03–9.42) | 3.16 (3.12–3.18) |
| Pancreatic cancer | 859 (716–1,006) |
1.58 (1.31–1.86) |
1,321 (1,150–1,508) |
2.16 (1.87–2.47) | 2,077 (1,697–2,497) |
2.75 (2.26–3.29) | 3,101 (2,404–3,982) |
3.1 (2.41–3.96) | 2.37 (2.33–2.42) |
| Prostate cancer | 2,840 (2,048–3,910) |
5.93 (4.27–8.28) |
3,319 (2,490–3,960) |
6.62 (5.08–7.99) | 3,761 (2,785–4,743) |
6.36 (4.87–8.1) | 4,922 (3,612–6,477) |
6.29 (4.75–8.27) | 0.21 (0.18–0.24) |
| Stomach cancer | 3,885 (3,135–4,574) |
7.13 (5.66–8.46) |
5,296 (4,608–5,996) |
8.4 (7.24–9.52) | 6,127 (5,140–7,147) |
7.83 (6.56–9.1) | 7,105 (5,879–8,688) |
6.87 (5.71–8.31) | −0.11 (−0.13 to −0.09) |
| Testicular cancer | 268 (221–326) | 0.3 (0.24–0.37) |
434 (355–530) | 0.38 (0.31–0.46) |
589 (436–772) | 0.38 (0.28–0.5) | 797 (568–1,113) |
0.4 (0.29–0.56) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) |
| Thyroid cancer | 500 (432–599) | 0.82 (0.71–1.01) |
808 (696–923) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) |
1,030 (869–1,214) | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 1,317 (1,077–1,610) |
1.08 (0.9–1.32) | 0.98 (0.96–1) |
| Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer | 8,230 (6,953–9,625) |
14.75 (12.42–17.27) |
11,962 (10,214–13,917) |
18.54 (15.85–21.53) |
14,819 (11,510–18,507) |
18.22 (14.31–22.58) |
18,550 (14,209–23,969) |
17.16 (13.14–22.05) |
0.52 (0.49–0.54) |
| Uterine cancer | 865 (688–1,179) |
1.55 (1.22–2.16) |
1,405 (1,122–1,731) |
2.18 (1.75–2.71) | 1,858 (1,414–2,368) |
2.33 (1.8–3.01) | 2,491 (1,826–3,412) |
2.36 (1.77–3.21) | 1.48 (1.46–1.5) |
| Geographical area | |||||||||
| Pakistan | 73,424 (64,996–80,969) |
122.16 (107.34–135.18) |
106,261 (94,887–116,454) |
151.36 (135.22–165.49) |
136,615 (118,158–157,595) |
153.96 (133.45–176.83) |
179,773 (152,043–214,194) |
153.52 (131.06–181.75) |
0.79 (0.78–0.81) |
| Sindh | 12,428 (10,052–15,061) |
110.3 (88.55–133.32) |
20,179 (16,085–24,586) |
147.51 (118.97–177.76) |
26,430 (20,985–33,299) |
147.12 (119.3–183.2) |
35,072 (27,488–44,755) |
143.65 (113.61–182.8) |
0.93 (0.91–0.96) |
| Punjab | 47,078 (41,032–53,144) |
132.51 (115.42–149.31) |
64,662 (56,273–72,722) |
159.53 (138.15–179.46) |
82,017 (68,572–96,877) |
162.34 (137.63–190.79) |
107,232 (87,374–130,264) |
162.94 (134.63–196.83) |
0.73 (0.71–0.75) |
| Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 8,550 (6,270–10,946) |
98.85 (73.05–126.2) |
13,101 (10,153–16,168) |
123.81 (95.56–151.62) |
17,558 (13,788–21,936) |
131.11 (102.83–163.19) |
23,120 (17,850–29,570) |
132.3 (101.47–167.34) |
1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Islamabad Capital Territory | 290 (209–366) |
119.41 (88.9–149.42) |
559 (435–694) |
155.32 (122–191.91) |
874 (669–1,112) |
161.34 (125.62–199) |
1,310 (994–1,692) |
155.9 (120.12–195.37) |
0.92 (0.89–0.96) |
| Gilgit-Baltistan | 347 (245–462) |
101.95 (75.25–131.63) |
629 (485–791) |
134.9 (105.56–167.79) |
859 (647–1,120) |
134.87 (102.2–173.08) |
1,168 (877–1,535) |
132.75 (99.47–174.91) |
0.91 (0.89–0.94) |
| Balochistan | 3,072 (2,018–3,903) |
117.94 (84.11–147.68) |
4,664 (3,666–5,876) |
158.86 (125.81–196.77) |
5,899 (4,606–7,506) |
159.79 (125.57–199.35) |
8,023 (6,161–10,410) |
156.86 (121.87–203.02) |
1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| Azad Jammu & Kashmir | 1,658 (1,342–2,051) |
117.87 (95.3–144.66) |
2,466 (1,946–3,045) |
152.73 (121.46–187.35) |
2,977 (2,320–3,833) |
155.67 (122.37–198.12) |
3,848 (2,938–4,955) |
157.1 (119.83–199.76) |
1 (0.98–1.02) |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 41,079 (34,844–47,478) |
126.17 (107.24–145.09) |
56,893 (48,378–66,057) |
155.03 (132.31–178.95) |
70,044 (55,576–85,671) |
154.6 (123.3–187.73) |
88,241 (68,915–113,114) |
149.4 (115.99–190.82) |
0.6 (0.58–0.62) |
| Female | 32,345 (27,438–37,740) |
116.42 (97.63–137.65) |
49,368 (42,995–55,758) |
146.79 (126.59–165.13) |
66,571 (54,883–79,448) |
153.4 (126.83–182.1) |
91,533 (72,050–117,874) |
158.04 (125.82–199.62) |
1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| Total | 73,424 | 106,261 | 136,615 | 179,773 | |||||