Table 2.
Demographics and comorbidities among survivors and non-survivors
| Variable | All subjects (n = 266) | Survivors (n = 184) | Non-survivors (n = 82) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| < 12 months | 160 (60.1) | 102 (55.4) | 58 (70.7) | 0.02 |
| 12–59 months | 76 (28.6) | 56 (30.4) | 20 (24.3) | 0.31 |
| ≥ 60 months | 30 (11.2) | 26 (14.1) | 04 (4.8) | 0.03 |
| Gender (Male) | 147 (55.2) | 101 (54.8) | 46 (56.0) | 0.93 |
| Prematurity | 51 (19) | 32 (17.4) | 19 (23.2) | 0.27 |
| Comorbidities (≥ 1) | 191 (71.8) | 115 (62.5) | 76 (92.6) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (> 1) | 45 (16.9) | 22 (11.9) | 23 (28.0) | < 0.001 |
| Underweight (WAZ <-2SD) | 140 (52.6) | 83 (45.1) | 57 (69.5) | - |
| Chronic lung disease | 19 (7.1) | 09 (4.8) | 10 (12.1) | - |
| Asthma | 19 (7.1) | 16 (8.6) | 03 (3.6) | |
| Neurological disorders | 25 (9.3) | 20 (10.8) | 05 (6.0) | - |
| Cardiac disorders | 60 (22.5) | 28 (15.2) | 32 (39.0) | - |
| Endocrine disorders | 05 (1.8) | 02 (1.0) | 03 (3.6) | - |
| Chronic kidney disease | 05 (1.8) | 02 (1.0) | 03 (3.6) | - |
| Immunodeficiency | 08 (3.0) | 02 (1.0) | 06 (7.3) | - |
| Hemoglobinopathies | 08 (3.0) | 05 (2.7) | 03 (3.6) | - |
| Malignancy | 01 (0.3) | 00 (0.0) | 01 (1.2) | - |
| Chronic liver disease | 00 (0.0) | 00 (0.0) | 00 (0.0) | - |
| Genetic disease | 20 (7.5) | 10 (5.4) | 10 (12.1) | - |
| Other conditions | 40 (15.0) | 22 (11.9) | 18 (21.9) | - |
| Clinical data on admission to PICU | ||||
| Tachypnea | 221 (83.0) | 156 (84.7) | 65 (79.2) | 0.07 |
| Increased effort of breathing | 201 (75.5) | 141 (76.6) | 60 (73.1) | 0.54 |
| SpO2 < 90% in air | 180 (67.6) | 127 (69.0) | 53 (64.6) | 0.51 |
| Altered mental status | 21 (7.8) | 16 (8.6) | 05 (6.0) | 0.47 |
| Septic shock | 64 (24.0) | 15 (8.1) | 49 (59.7) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory/Radiological data | ||||
| C-reactive protein level ≥ 100 mg/L | 26 (9.7) | 18 (9.7) | 08 (9.7) | 0.99 |
| Leucopenia/leukocytosis (< 4 or > 15 × 109) | 118 (44.3) | 70 (38.0) | 48 (58.5) | 0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (> 7.1mmol/L) | 70 (26.3) | 42 (22.8) | 28 (34.1) | 0.053 |
| Aspartate transaminase levels (> 33 IU/L) | 81 (30.4) | 47 (25.5) | 34 (41.4) | 0.009 |
| Serum sodium (< 135mEq/L) | 47 (17.6) | 28 (15.2) | 19 (23.1) | 0.12 |
| Metabolic acidosis (HCO3 < 15, pH < 7.35) | 36 (13.5) | 18 (9.7) | 18 (21.9) | 0.007 |
| Pleural effusion | 23 (8.6) | 13 (7.0) | 10 (12.4) | 0.17 |
| Multilobar involvement | 26 (9.7) | 13 (7.0) | 13 (15.8) | 0.03 |
| Respiratory support | ||||
| Invasive ventilation | 175 (65.8) | 102 (55.4) | 73 (89.1) | < 0.001 |
| Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation | 46 (17.2) | 37 (20.1) | 09 (10.9) | 0.07 |