Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by sex in the healthy population.
| Variable | Total (n = 367) | Male (n = 197) | Female (n = 170) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.0 (33.0, 60.0) | 49.0 (32.0, 60.0) | 48.0 (35.0, 61.0) | 0.617 |
| Height (cm) | 167.2 (162.0, 174.8) | 174.0 (170.0, 178.3) | 161.8 (157.5, 165.2) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.3 (55.6, 72.0) | 70.3 (64.2, 76.2) | 56.0 (51.2, 60.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 (20.6, 24.5) | 23.5 (21.7, 25.4) | 21.6 (19.7, 23.5) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.0 (111.0, 136.0) | 126.0 (116.0, 136.0) | 117.0 (106.0, 134.0) | 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.0 (69.0, 83.0) | 78.0 (72.0, 85.0) | 72.0 (65.0, 78.0) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.5) | 4.8 (4.2, 5.3) | 5.0 (4.6, 5.7) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.034 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.745 |
| HGB (g/L) | 144.5 ± 14.8 | 154.4 ± 10.6 | 132.8 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.9 ± 2.4 | 46.3 ± 2.5 | 45.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 18.0 (13.0, 25.0) | 20.0 (15.0, 28.0) | 15.5 (12.0, 21.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.50 (5.20, 5.80) | 5.50 (5.20, 5.80) | 5.40 (5.20, 5.70) | 0.542 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.732) | 94.7 (85.0, 104.4) | 92.9 (85.0, 101.0) | 97.6 (85.8, 107.0) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 341.0 (285.5, 396.5) | 387.0 (336.5, 426.0) | 291.5 (252.8, 338.2) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.37 (2.30, 2.43) | 2.4 (2.3, 2.4) | 2.37 (2.32, 2.43) | 0.489 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.14 | 1.03 ± 0.14 | 1.14 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 69.0 (59.0, 82.0) | 71.0 (63.0, 82.0) | 66.0 (55.8, 82.0) | 0.006 |
| PLP (nmol/L) | 35.48 (26.07, 49.24) | 32.47 (24.86, 46.11) | 39.24 (28.65, 50.36) | 0.004 |
| PL (nmol/L) | 14.91 (11.63, 18.05) | 14.12 (11.15, 16.73) | 15.67 (12.49, 18.96) | 0.003 |
| PA (nmol/L) | 15.79 (12.81, 20.26) | 16.18 (13.16, 19.80) | 15.29 (12.50, 20.81) | 0.959 |
| PLP/PL | 3.57 (2.98, 4.24) | 3.50 (2.91, 4.27) | 3.72 (3.11, 4.20) | 0.216 |
| PLP/PA | 2.94 (2.25, 4.12) | 2.69 (2.17, 3.87) | 3.20 (2.36, 4.35) | 0.003 |
| PAr | 0.26 (0.20, 0.33) | 0.28 (0.21, 0.36) | 0.25 (0.18, 0.32) | 0.003 |
Normally distributed variables were compared using independent t-tests and reported as mean ± standard deviation, while non-normally distributed variables were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U tests and summarized as median (Q1, Q3). Categorical variables were presented as frequency (percentage) and analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square. Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed p < 0.05, with significant results bold. PAr = PA/(PLP + PL). Normal reference ranges for indices: Cholesterol: 2.80–5.90 mmol/L; Triglyceride: 0.45–1.81 mmol/L; CRP: 0–5 mg/L; HGB: 115–150 g/L; Albumin:35.0–55.0 g/L; ALT: 0–65 U/L; HbA1c: 4.3–6.5%; eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.732; Uric acid: 210–430 μmol/L; serum calcium: 2.08–2.60 mmol/L; serum phosphorus: 0.80–1.60 mmol/L; ALP: 45–125 U/L (Male), 35–100 U/L (Female). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; HGB, hemoglobin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PLP, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate; PL, pyridoxal; PA, 4-pyridoxic acid.