Table 2.

Executive functioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders

Study nr	Paper	Status	Mean age (SD)	Sample size	Diagnostic criteria	Psychiatric co-occurrences	Psychotropic medications	EF domain	Task	Results	Statistic
14	Baumel (2022)	GAD (Current)	GAD: 14.8 (1.6)	50	Interview PARS ≥ 15	GAD: AD (% NR)	None	INH	BRIEF-SR	GAD < N	p  =  .002
			HCs matched on age & sex			N: None		SHIFT		GAD < N	p  <  .001
								WM		GAD < N	p  <  .001
15	Cardinale (2019)	AD—Not specified (Lifetime & current)	AD: 12.37 (3.03)	35	Interview K-SADS-PL; DSM-IV	None	None	INH	Adapted Antisaccade Task	AD > HC (faster latency to correct antisaccades)	p  =  .03
			HC: 13.09 (3.31)	22
16	Jarros (2017)	AD: SAD, GAD, SeAD, PD	AD-M: 13.0 (2.19)	28	Interview K-SADS -PL; DSM-IV	AD-M: ADHD (14.3%), MDD (3.6%), SP (32.1%) AD-S: ADHD (38.5%), MDD (15.4%), PTSD (7.7%), SP (53.8%) HC: ADHD (33.3%), SP (14.8%)	None	INH	Go/NoGo	NS (total hits)	p = .583
			AD-S: 12.2 (1.21)	13				SHIFT	TMT-B, WCST	NS (TMT-B time) NS (TMT-B errors) NS (WCST total errors) NS (WCST perseverative errors)	p = .548 p = .662 p = .655 p = .489
			HC: 12.6 (1.96)	27				WM	Digit Span	NS (forward) AD-M > AD-S = HCs (backward)	p = .271 p  =  .015
17	Kim (2019)	GAD	GAD: 11.9 (2.9)	34	Interview K-SADS-PL; DSM-IV	GAD: PD (11.8%), SAD (17.6%)	GAD: 45%	SHIFT	IDED	GAD < HC (Simple reversal errors) GAD = HC (Total reversal errors)	d  =  .53; p  =  .01 d = 31; p = .21
			HC: 13 (2.9)	65		HC: None	HC: None	WM	Spatial Span task	NS	N/A

N Normative sample, AD Anxiety disorders, SeAD Separation anxiety disorder, PARS Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, AD-M Mild (CGI ≤ 4) anxiety symptoms, AD-S Severe (CGI >4) anxiety symptoms, SWM Spatial Working Memory from the Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) battery, FT Flanker Task from the CAT, IDED Intra–Extra Dimensional Set Shift