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. 2026 Feb 9;16:8001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-39212-0

Table 2.

Summary and phenotypic variations of 16 root system architecture and fresh weight biomass traits in radish.

Variable Minimum Maximum Mean SD CV Skewness Kurtosis G R G x R
RL 23.10 1435.11 354.84 370.355 104.37 1.04 0.01 *** NS NS
PA 3.01 39.78 13.98 9.07 64.85 0.96 -0.12 *** NS NS
SA 9.47 124.96 43.93 28.49 64.85 0.96 -0.12 *** NS NS
AD 0.26 2.77 0.84 0.65 77.65 1.28 0.81 *** * NS
RV 0.14 1.83 0.64 0.29 45.81 1.52 3.43 *** * *
NRT 173.00 7602.00 1866.33 1573.56 84.31 1.14 1.26 *** ** **
Forks 64.00 11204.00 2303.12 2696.28 117.07 1.20 0.70 *** ** **
NOC 1.00 2564.00 511.97 635.94 124.21 1.21 0.54 *** NS NS
ALOL 0.07 0.18 0.09 0.02 19.69 1.56 5.53 *** NS *
APAL 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 113.46 0.98 0.87 *** NS NS
ASAL 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.02 76.05 1.86 4.81 *** NS NS
ADL 0.18 0.74 0.33 0.09 27.02 1.84 6.11 NS NS NS
ABAL 0.00 58.12 52.84 7.31 13.83 -5.75 40.94 * NS **
SFW 1.40 25.20 13.86 3.63 26.20 0.17 2.01 *** * NS
RFW 0.60 15.30 7.08 3.73 52.69 0.00 -0.48 *** NS NS
RSFW 0.05 1.00 0.51 0.23 44.64 -0.53 -0.51 *** NS *

RL: Root length, PA: Projected area, SA: Surface area, RV: Root volume, AD: Average diameter, APAL: Average projected area of link, ASAL: Average surface area of link, ADL: Average diameter of link, NRT: Number of root tips, NOC: Number of crossings, ALOL: Average length of link, ABAL: Average branching angle of link, SFW: Shoot fresh weight, RFW: Root fresh weight, RSFW: Root- Shoot fresh weight. G: Genotype, R: Replication.