Table 4.
Comparison of medication adherence, medication knowledge, medication attitude, medication behavior, medication belief, and social support scores between the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) across time points using generalized estimating equations among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Henan, China.
| Variable | Medication knowledgea | Medication attitudeb | Social supportc | Medication beliefd | Medication behaviore | Medication adherencef | |||||||||||||||||||
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β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |||||||||||||
| Group effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CG | Refg | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||
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IG | 7.887 (3.428 to 12.345) | .001h | 2.465 (1.466 to 3.464) | <.001h | 1.277 (–4.771 to 7.352) | .679 | 1.845 (1.078 to 2.613) | <.001h | 2.731 (1.639 to 3.823) | <.001h | 2.288 (0.681 to 3.894) | .005h | ||||||||||||
| Time effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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T0i | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||
|
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T1j | 7.093 (4.564 to 9.623) | <.001h | 3.103 (2.370 to 3.836) | <.001h | 0.397 (–0.564 to 1.358) | .418 | 1.632 (1.125 to 2.140) | <.001h | 2.441 (1.848 to 3.034) | <.001h | 2.601 (1.858 to 3.363) | <.001h | ||||||||||||
|
|
T2k | 4.844 (2.462 to 7.227) | <.001h | 1.662 (1.059 to 2.264) | <.001h | –0.574 (–1.491 to 0.344) | .221 | 0.588 (0.062 to 1.114) | .028h | 1.125 (0.586 to 1.664) | <.001h | 1.684 (0.958 to 2.409) | <.001h | ||||||||||||
| Timepoint×Group effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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T0 × CG | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||
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T1 × IG | 11.592 (6.923 to 16.260) | <.001h | 5.467 (4.531 to 6.763) | <.001h | 0.008 (–1.834 to 2.011) | .928 | 2.882 (1.990 to 3.775) | <.001h | 4.176 (3.220 to 5.133) | <.001h | 4.956 (3.702 to 6.210) | <.001h | ||||||||||||
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T2× IG | 6.055 (1.401 to 10.710) | .011h | 3.059 (1.969 to 4.149) | <.001h | –0.147 (–1.982 to 1.688) | .875 | 1.882 (0.880 to 2.885) | <.001h | 2.426 (1.429 to 3.424) | <.001h | 3.691 (2.379 to 5.003) | <.001h | ||||||||||||
aGroup: QIC=105,178.155, QICC=105,173.944, time: QIC=106,219.108, QICC=106,219.108, time × group: QIC=99,054.337, QICC=99,054.337.
bGroup: QIC=5783.910, QICC=5780.419, time: QIC=5787.824, QICC=5787.824, time × group: QIC=4587.706, QICC=4687.706.
cGroup: QIC=37,306.144, QICC=36,267.594, time: QIC=37,378.507, QICC=37,378.597, time × group: QIC=37,198.191, QICC=37,198.191.
dGroup: QIC=3561.609, QICC=3558.406 time: QIC=3643.971, QICC=3643.971, time × group: QIC=3227.618, QICC=3227.618.
eGroup: QIC=6009.207, QICC=6004.590, time: QIC=6301.456, QICC=6301.456, time × group: QIC=5304.176, QICC=5304.176.
fGroup: QIC=11,557.678, QICC=11,551.984 time: QIC=11,731.963, QICC=11,731.963, time × group: QIC=10,617.505, QICC=10,617.505.
gRef: Reference group.
hSignificant at P<.05.
iT0: baseline.
jT1: postintervention.
kT2: 3-month follow up.