Table 2. Characteristics among participants diagnosed with hypertension (n=1505), disaggregated by treatment status, with multivariate logistic regression for untreated hypertension (n=375).
| Characteristic | On treatment, n(%) 1130 (75.1%) |
Untreated, n(%) 375 (24.9%) |
aOR (95% CI) for untreated hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 123 (112, 135) | 149 (140, 160) | – |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 80 (73, 87) | 97 (92, 103) | – |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 204 (63.6%) | 117 (36.4%) | Reference |
| Female | 926 (78.2%) | 258 (21.8%) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.71) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <65 | 561 (70.7%) | 232 (29.3%) | Reference |
| ≥65 | 569 (79.9%) | 143 (20.1%) | 0.52 (0.39, 0.71) |
| Education (n=1502) | |||
| No schooling or primary school | 893 (75.0%) | 297 (25.0%) | Reference |
| Secondary or higher school | 234 (75.0%) | 78 (25.0%) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.73) |
| IWI* | |||
| Q1 (poorest) | 208 (69.1%) | 93 (30.9%) | 1.32 (0.88, 1.99) |
| Q2 (poor) | 224 (74.4%) | 77 (25.6%) | 0.84 (0.55, 1.28) |
| Q3 (middle) | 221 (73.4%) | 80 (26.6%) | Reference |
| Q4 (rich) | 231 (76.7%) | 70 (23.3%) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.27) |
| Q5 (richest) | 246 (81.7%) | 55 (18.3%) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.03) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (n=1503) | |||
| <25 | 404 (71.6%) | 160 (28.4%) | Reference |
| 25–29.9 | 350 (77.6%) | 101 (22.4%) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.27) |
| ≥30 | 374 (76.6%) | 114 (23.4%) | 1.17 (0.84, 1.65) |
| Smoking (n=1502) | |||
| Non-smokers | 835 (79.8%) | 212 (20.2%) | Reference |
| Current smokers | 293 (64.4%) | 162 (35.6%) | 1.90 (1.42, 2.55) |
| Alcohol consumption (n=1499) | |||
| Never or less than 1 day per week | 980 (78.1%) | 274 (21.9%) | Reference |
| 1–7 days per week | 145 (59.2%) | 100 (40.8%) | 1.74 (1.23, 2.46) |
| Physical activity (n=1492) | |||
| Low physical activity | 208 (75.6%) | 67 (24.4%) | Reference |
| Moderate physical activity | 169 (76.8%) | 51 (23.2%) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.48) |
| High physical activity | 744 (74.6%) | 253 (25.4%) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.28) |
| Living with diabetes | |||
| No | 962 (72.5%) | 365 (27.5%) | Reference |
| Yes | 168 (94.4%) | 10 (5.6%) | 0.23 (0.11, 0.42) |
| Living with HIV (n=1351) | |||
| No | 866 (76.0%) | 274 (24.0%) | Reference |
| Yes | 156 (73.9%) | 55 (26.1%) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.22) |
| Previous stroke or myocardial infarction | |||
| No | 1053 (74.1%) | 368 (25.9%) | Reference |
| Yes | 77 (91.7%) | 7 (8.3%) | 0.19 (0.07, 0.45) |
| Limited access to medications (n=1504) | |||
| No | 874 (74.5%) | 299 (25.5%) | Reference |
| Yes | 256 (77.3%) | 75 (22.7%) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.22) |
Percentages were calculated by row. BP values were not included in the logistic regression analysis. A total of 1333 participants with complete covariate data were included in the multivariate model. Variance Inflation Factor was calculated for each predictor, and none exceeded the value of 5.
Bold values indicate statistically significant results.
*
IWI quintiles were adjusted for this specific population.
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BP, blood pressure; IWI, International Wealth Index.