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. 2026 Mar 4;24:165–173. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2482

Table 4.

Comparison of anxiety levels among the family income and parental education levels

MDAS

Mean ± SD

(median; min-max)

p

STAI-1

Mean ± SD

(median; min-max)

p

STAI-2

Mean ± SD

(median; min-max)

p

*Statistically significant at p<0.05. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups with the same lowercase superscript letters (Dunn’s Test with Bonferroni correction); a: low vs high, p=0.004; b: low vs high, p=0.003.

Parents

Family income

Low

11.2±4.449 (10; 5–25)a

0.005*

40.59±6.550 (40; 23–80)b

0.005*

47.18±6.868 (46; 32–80)

0.504

Medium

10.85±4.559 (10; 5–25)

40.99±5.957 (40; 28–64)

46.66±6.316 (46; 28–68)

High

9.62±3.547 (9; 5–19)a

42.98±6.924 (41.50; 31–63)b

47.77±7.791 (47; 34–80)

Education

Illiterate

10.23±4.137 (10; 5–20)

0.105

41.74±7.620 (40; 31–64)

0.923

46.45±6.627 (46; 38–72)

0.620

Literate

11.49±4.328 (11; 5–24)

41.55±7.060 (41; 28–80)

47.49±7.138 (32–80)

8–year education

10.62±4.197 (10; 5–25)

40.98±6.158 (41; 25–62)

46.81±6.369 (46; 32–78)

Highschool

10.95±4.541 (10; 5–25)

41.13±6.656 (40; 23–63)

46.94±7.057 (46; 32–80)

University

10.45±4.529 (9.50; 5–25)

40.53±5.569 (41; 28–54)

47.47±6.858

(47; 28–67)