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. 2025 Dec 19;6(3):314–325. doi: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2025.09.027

Table 2.

Potential Risk Factors for Bleeding and All-Cause Death

Any Bleeding
Procedure-Related Bleeding
Nonprocedure-Related
Bleeding
All-Cause Death
HR (95%CI) P Value HR (95%CI) P Value HR (95%CI) P Value HR (95%CI) P Value
Endogenous noncardiac stratuma 0.88 (0.59-1.30) 0.51 0.83 (0.52-1.27) 0.40 1.64 (0.87-2.95) 0.12 1.06 (0.88-1.26) 0.54
Exogenous stratuma 0.65 (0.38-1.09) 0.086 0.75 (0.42-1.26) 0.29 0.33 (0.05-1.09) 0.72 0.98 (0.79-1.21) 0.86
IABP use 1.72 (1.27-2.31) <0.001 1.68 (1.21-2.36) 0.002 2.80 (1.60-5.14) <0.001 0.55 (0.47-0.63) <0.001
Age ≥75 y 1.56 (1.13-2.14) 0.010 1.58 (1.08-2.24) 0.018 1.58 (0.87-2.68) 0.12 1.22 (1.01-1.45) 0.036
eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 0.79 (0.62-1.01) 0.067 0.75 (0.57-0.99) 0.042 0.95 (0.62-1.50) 0.82 1.43 (1.24-1.66) <0.001
Hemoglobin <11 g/dL 0.94 (0.71-1.23) 0.63 0.99 (0.72-1.34) 0.94 0.72 (0.43-1.16) 0.18 1.13 (0.98-1.30) 0.089
Platelet <10 × 104/μL 1.25 (0.95-1.64) 0.12 1.19 (0.86-1.61) 0.28 1.64 (1.04-2.53) 0.035 1.22 (1.05-1.41) 0.009
D-dimer ≥5 mg/dL 1.30 (0.97-1.73) 0.074 1.18 (0.87-1.65) 0.29 1.84 (1.08-3.35) 0.024 1.19 (1.02-1.38) 0.028
CRP ≥5 mg/dL 0.77 (0.41-1.46) 0.41 0.79 (0.36-1.51) 0.51 0.68 (0.17-1.85) 0.50 1.04 (0.79-1.34) 0.79
Lactate >5 mmol/L 1.47 (0.69-1.64) 0.29 1.43 (0.68-3.67) 0.37 1.40 (0.43-8.56) 0.63 1.39 (1.01-1.97) 0.044
Antithrombotic agents 0.86 (0.61-1.22) 0.39 0.86 (0.57-1.25) 0.43 1.04 (0.57-1.77) 0.90 0.79 (0.65-0.94) 0.010
Catheter laboratory puncture 1.26 (0.99-1.61) 0.064 1.14 (0.86-1.65) 0.37 1.27 (0.83-1.94) 0.27 0.96 (0.84-1.10) 0.59
Institute Q2b 1.04 (0.79-1.36) 0.80 1.00 (0.73-1.35) 0.99 1.23 (0.75-1.97) 0.40 1.02 (0.88-1.18) 0.79
Institute Q3b 1.15 (0.79-1.67) 0.46 1.11 (0.71-1.67) 0.65 1.79 (0.96-3.16) 0.066 1.16 (0.95-1.42) 0.15
Institute Q4b 1.67 (1.11-2.52) 0.020 1.44 (0.86-2.30) 0.16 2.36 (1.18-4.37) 0.018 1.10 (0.83-1.42) 0.50

Abbreviations as in Table 1.

a

Risks relative to the endogenous cardiac stratum.

b

Risks relative to the reference category (Institute Q1).