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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Care. 2021 Mar 25;34(4):459–468. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1902935

Table 4.

Trends in secondary outcomes among adolescents

Baseline Endline p-
value
Intervention
(n,%)
Comparison
(n,%)
Intervention
(n,%)
Comparison
(n,%)
Adolescent Internalized Stigma (feels the following because of living with HIV) n=24 n=24† n=23 n=26
Guilty 10 (41.7) 11 (45.8) 4 (17.4) 5 (19.2) * 0.96
Worthless 13 (54.2) 9 (37.5) 5 (21.7) * 9 (34.6) 0.06
Ashamed 14 (58.3) 13 (54.2) 7 (30.4) * 15 (57.7) 0.07
Adolescent viral load‡ n=24 n=25§ n=23 n=26
Adolescent with viral failure ≥ 1000 copies per mL 9 (37.5) 7 (28) 7 (30.4) 6 (23.1) 0.97
Adolescent ART adherence n=24 n=26
mean (SD) mean (SD)
6-month ART adherence (opened bottle 100% of daily dose) 0.87 (0.20) 0.869 (0.21) 0.96
†

ACASI baseline data missing for two participants on internalized stigma

‡

GEE model with logit link comparing single item response changes from baseline to endline between intervention and comparison groups

§

One participant’s blood sample could not be processed

T-test

*

Difference between baseline and endline for group is significant (p <0.05)