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. 2026 Feb 19;17:1686950. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1686950

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the participants.

Variables All (n = 578) Middle childhood (n = 273) Late childhood (n = 305) P-value
BMI (kg/m2, M ± SD) 17.36 (2.71) 16.71 (2.09) 18.16 (3.14) <0.001
Vital capacity (milliliters) 1,558 (493) 1,338 (372) 1806 (496) <0.001
50-m dash (s) 10.6 (1.1) 11.0 (1.1) 10.3 (0.9) <0.001
Sit-and-reach test (cm) 7.5 (5.5) 8.4 (5.1) 6.5 (5.7) <0.001
1-min rope-skipping (number) 148 (36) 139 (35) 158 (34) <0.001
Locomotor skills (score) 33.83 (5.50) 32.80 (6.85) 35.08 (2.67) <0.001
Ball skills (score) 35.74 (6.89) 33.33 (7.64) 38.67 (4.34) <0.001
AMC (score) 69.57 (10.50) 66.14 (12.32) 73.75 (5.29) <0.001
PMC (score) 18.21 (4.08) 17.81 (4.31) 18.71 (3.74) 0.014
Health-related physical fitness (score) 82.23 (5.60) 81.23 (6.26) 83.23 (4.45) <0.001
MVPA min/day 48.97 (16.30) 48.45 (17.12) 49.59 (15.26) 0.438

AMC, actual motor competence; PMC, perceived motor competence; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.