Table 5.

Morphological characteristics and ecological significance of green space elements.

Structural Type	Morphological Characteristics	Ecological Significance
Core	A relatively intact area with minimal external disturbance	Possesses a potentially well-developed habitat with significant ecosystem service value
Islet	Isolated small landscape ecological area	Relatively independent with low connectivity, making ecological flow exchange difficult
Perforation	Small blank patches within the landscape	Acts as a boundary within core areas that restricts the range of ecological flows
Edge	Transition zone between core and non-core areas	Represents the interface between core and external areas; typically active in ecological processes
Loop	Peripheral area surrounding the core area	Connects with corridors of the same core, serving as internal ecological flow channels
Bridge	Corridor connecting two or more core areas	Facilitates ecological flow exchange between adjacent core areas