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. 2026 Jan 30;17:2173. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68977-1

Table 2.

Average treatment effects and 95% confidence intervals for main analyses

Subjective age acceleration (ATE + 95% CI; years) Physiological age acceleration (ATE + 95% CI; years)
Living alone −1.41 [−2.17,−0.66] p < 0.001 2.58 [1.39, 3.77] p < 0.001
Small social network −0.04 [−0.70, 0.62] p = 0.908 0.90 [0.04, 1.77] p = 0.041
Low social integration 0.62 [−0.05, 1.29] p = 0.068 1.88 [0.75, 3.01] p = 0.001
High social isolation −0.94 [−1.69,−0.20] p = 0.013 0.82 [−0.23, 1.86] p = 0.124
Low social support −0.46 [−1.12, 0.20] p = 0.174 1.86 [0.91, 2.80] p < 0.001
High loneliness 0.22 [−0.57, 1.01] p = 0.582 −0.54 [−1.77, 0.69] p = 0.386
High social strain −0.10 [−0.75, 0.55] p = 0.765 −1.16 [−2.14, −0.17] p = 0.021

Average treatment effects from doubly robust estimations using the inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) estimator. P values are calculated from two-sided tests. A Bonferroni alpha of 0.006 was applied for multiple corrections, so results below this were maintained.

ATE average treatment effect, CI confidence interval.