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. 2026 Mar 2;16:8147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34505-2

Table 16.

Interpretations of results.

Component Status Interpretation
IOC Extraction High accuracy (IPs, Domains) Effective hybrid approach; improve entity disambiguation for malware terms
Extraction of IOC High accuracy (IPs, Domains), Improve entity disambiguation for malware terms using a hybrid approach
Threat Classification Needs tuning The classifier needs more datasets, and BERT performs best
Blockchain Integrity Fully intact A strong candidate to ensure report traceability and trust
Adaptive Learning Requires more labeled data Diverse samples, and a greater degree of effect to be effective
Visualization Metrics Provides insight into trends Demonstrates continuous learning’s scalability and value
Cross-Dataset Robustness Index (CRI) BERT hitting a near-perfect 0.999 Excellent cross-dataset stability