Skip to main content
. 2026 Mar 2;16:8147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34505-2

Table 22.

Comparative analysis of CTI Approaches.

CTI Approach Unstructured Data Handling Real-Time Adaptability Blockchain-Based Trust Threat Classification Accuracy Feedback Learning Loop
MITRE ATT&CK15 X X X Static rule-based X
Diamond Model19 X X X Relational analysis only X
APT-Scope17 X ~ 87% Partial
OTI-IoT6 ~ 90% X
Blockchain-based CTI2,3 X X Partial
Proposed Framework ✓ (BERT + spaCy) ✓ (Adaptive ML) ✓ (Hash-chained ledger) 95%