Table 2.

Descriptive statistics.

Variable	Mean (M)	Standard deviation (SD)	Skewness	Kurtosis	Range (observed)	Cronbach’s α
Writing self-efficacy	4.12	0.67	−0.43	−0.12	1.8–5.0	0.93
Self-regulated writing strategy	4.05	0.58	−0.37	−0.21	2.1–5.0	0.94
Cognitive strategies	4.09	0.63	−0.41	0.06	1.9–5.0	0.88
Metacognitive strategies	4.15	0.59	−0.35	−0.17	2.0–5.0	0.91
Motivational regulation strategies	3.84	0.71	−0.22	−0.45	1.6–5.0	0.87
Social behavior strategies	3.96	0.68	−0.29	−0.23	1.7–5.0	0.89
Writing anxiety	3.05	0.74	0.26	−0.34	1.2–4.9	0.92
Cognitive anxiety	3.08	0.77	0.22	−0.48	1.0–5.0	0.88
Somatic anxiety	3.23	0.79	0.18	−0.57	1.1–5.0	0.9
Avoidance behavior	2.85	0.83	0.31	−0.39	1.0–5.0	0.86