Table 4.

Multi group analysis.

Relationships	$\mathit{\text{Wald}}{\chi }^2$ test	p-value
Direct effects
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → cognitive strategies (T2)	4.93	<0.001
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → metacognitive strategies (T2)	3.67	<0.001
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → social behavior strategies (T2)	4.11	<0.001
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → motivational regulation strategies (T2)	0.65	0.476
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → writing anxiety (T3)	0.98	0.378
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → writing performance (T3)	2.66	0.045
Cognitive strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	1.09	0.245
Metacognitive strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	4.36	<0.001
Social behavior strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	2.58	0.031
Indirect effects
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → cognitive strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	0.24	0.672
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → metacognitive strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	1.17	0.098
Writing self-efficacy (T1) → social behavior strategies (T2) → writing anxiety (T3)	4.78	<0.001