Table 4.
Causal feature analysis.
| Feature | Type | Assoc. | Clinical insight |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inv-Nodes | Cat. | 0.808 | Node involvement → malignancy |
| Metastasis | Cat. | 0.738 | Confirms spread |
| Tumor size (cm) | Num. | 0.691 | Larger → higher risk |
| Age | Num. | 0.531 | Older → elevated risk |
| Age_bin | Cat. | 0.565 | Trend aligns w/data |
| Menopause | Cat. | 0.371 | Hormonal effect |
| History | Cat. | 0.186 | Prior issues weakly linked |