Table 3.
Univariate analyses of risk factors between stable dysplastic and unstable decentralized groups in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip
| Risk factors | Stable dysplastic group (n = 138) |
Unstable decentralized group (n = 89) |
P values |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age on DDH diagnosis (months, mean ± SD) |
3.02 ± 1.55 (95% CI: 2.76 − 3.29) |
2.77 ± 1.29 (95% CI:2.49–3.04) |
0.96 |
| Sex (number, %) | |||
| Girl | 108 (78%) | 70 (79%) | 0.95 |
| Boy | 30 (22%) | 19 (21%) | |
| Firstborn girl (number, %) | |||
| Present | 43 (31%) | 41 (46%) | 0.033 |
| Absent | 95(69%) | 48(54%) | |
|
Gestation period at delivery (weeks, mean ± SD) |
38.32 ± 1.75 (95% CI: 38.02–38.61) |
38.19 ± 2.50 (95% CI:37.66 − 38.72) |
0.326 |
| Maternal age (years, mean ± SD) |
28.85 ± 5.19 (95% CI: 27.97–29.72) |
28.47 ± 5.44 (95% CI:27.33 − 29.62) |
0.301 |
| Birth weight (grams, mean ± SD) |
3240.80 ± 724.759 (95% CI: 3118.80 − 3362.80) |
3166.63 ± 607.722 (95% CI:3038.61 −3294.65) |
0.212 |
| Laterality (number, %) | |||
| Unilateral DDH | 112 (81%) | 63 (71%) | 0.049 |
| Bilateral DDH | 26 (19%) | 26 (29%) | |
| Affected side of unilateral DDH (number, %) | |||
| Left | 47 (34%) | 9 (10%) | < 0.001 |
| Right | 65 (47%) | 54 (61%) | |
| Breech presentation (number, %) | 12 (8%) | 9 (11%) | 0.64 |
| Family history (number, %) | 3(2%) | 0(0%) | 0.28 |
| Oligohydramnios (number, %) | 5(4%) | 4 (5%) | 0.038 |
| Prematurity (number, %) | 16(12%) | 10 (11%) | 0.55 |
| Postmaturity (number, %) | 3(2%) | 1(1%) | 0.48 |
|
Multiparity (number, %) Primipara Multipara |
56 (40%) 82(60%) |
47 (53%) 42 (47%) |
0.077 |
| Twin pregnancy (number, %) | 1 (1%) | 4 (4%) | 0.79 |
|
Type of delivery (number, %) C-section Vaginal |
79 (57%) 59 (43%) |
52 (58%) 37 (42%) |
0.89 |
| Foot deformities (number, %) | 12(9%) | 11 (12%) | 0.37 |