Skip to main content
. 2026 Jan 26;26:191. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06426-6

Table 3.

Univariate analyses of risk factors between stable dysplastic and unstable decentralized groups in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip

Risk factors Stable dysplastic group
(n = 138)
Unstable decentralized group
(n = 89)
P values

Age on DDH diagnosis

(months, mean ± SD)

3.02 ± 1.55

(95% CI: 2.76 − 3.29)

2.77 ± 1.29

(95% CI:2.49–3.04)

0.96
Sex (number, %)
 Girl 108 (78%) 70 (79%) 0.95
 Boy 30 (22%) 19 (21%)
Firstborn girl (number, %)
 Present 43 (31%) 41 (46%) 0.033
 Absent 95(69%) 48(54%)

 Gestation period at delivery

(weeks, mean ± SD)

38.32 ± 1.75

(95% CI: 38.02–38.61)

38.19 ± 2.50

(95% CI:37.66 − 38.72)

0.326
 Maternal age (years, mean ± SD)

28.85 ± 5.19

(95% CI: 27.97–29.72)

28.47 ± 5.44

(95% CI:27.33 − 29.62)

0.301
 Birth weight (grams, mean ± SD)

3240.80 ± 724.759

(95% CI: 3118.80 − 3362.80)

3166.63 ± 607.722

(95% CI:3038.61 −3294.65)

0.212
Laterality (number, %)
 Unilateral DDH 112 (81%) 63 (71%) 0.049
 Bilateral DDH 26 (19%) 26 (29%)
Affected side of unilateral DDH (number, %)
 Left 47 (34%) 9 (10%) < 0.001
 Right 65 (47%) 54 (61%)
 Breech presentation (number, %) 12 (8%) 9 (11%) 0.64
 Family history (number, %) 3(2%) 0(0%) 0.28
 Oligohydramnios (number, %) 5(4%) 4 (5%) 0.038
 Prematurity (number, %) 16(12%) 10 (11%) 0.55
 Postmaturity (number, %) 3(2%) 1(1%) 0.48

 Multiparity (number, %)

Primipara

Multipara

56 (40%)

82(60%)

47 (53%)

42 (47%)

0.077
 Twin pregnancy (number, %) 1 (1%) 4 (4%) 0.79

 Type of delivery (number, %)

C-section

Vaginal

79 (57%)

59 (43%)

52 (58%)

37 (42%)

0.89
 Foot deformities (number, %) 12(9%) 11 (12%) 0.37