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. 2026 Feb 11;16:8345. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35695-z

Table 1.

Mean and standard deviation of physicochemical parameters of wastewaters.

Parameters RPCE DWW Mixed wastewater
pH 7.5 ± 0.15 7.1 ± 0.21 7.23 ± 0.14
EC (ms/cm) 8.71 ± 0.53 9.03 ± 0.86 8.80 ± 0.72
Temperature (°C) 29.43 ± 0.74 30.52 ± 0.83 30 ± 0.35
Color (*ADMI) 1105.3 ± 91.09 800.9 ± 46.71 1074.86 ± 81.19
COD (mg/l) 835.38 ± 216.60 3250.27 ± 198.63 1076.86 ± 109.19
N (mg/l) 4.4 98 13.76
P (mg/l) 0.265 38 4.03
C (mg/l) 66.15 300 89.53
K (mg/l) 46.5 57.5 47.6

*American dye manufacturers institute.