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. 2026 Feb 23;13:1761323. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1761323

Table 3.

Comparison of NPS between AD and VaD groups in the exploratory clinical cohorta.

Group n Mean ± SD Median Mann–Whitney U P value Effect size (CLES)
AD 87 3.11 ± 1.00 3 4,159 0.432 0.469
VaD 102 3.03 ± 0.97 3
a

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P value was calculated via Mann–Whitney U test. CLES (Common Language Effect Size) indicates the probability that a randomly selected score from one group is higher than a score from the other. NPS, Naples Prognostic Score; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; VaD, vascular dementia.