Table 13.

Error characterization for outlier samples.

Failure mode	Typical structure	MAE	Notes
Sucrosic dolomites	Compound macropores	0.042–0.089	Beyond 2-D scale limits
Polishing smear	Over-smoothed microtextured	0.037–0.061	Texture cues were partially erased
Low beam current	Shadowed regions	0.035–0.052	Local contrast collapse