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. 2026 Feb 23;17:1707203. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1707203

Figure 4.

A composite image displaying various scientific data related to hypoxia and its effect on different conditions. A) Line graph showing optical density (OD) at different times under various conditions, indicating cell proliferation. B-D) Bar graphs demonstrating levels of Copper ions (Cu²⁺), ATP, and SDH under different treatments. Higher in certain hypoxia conditions. E) Western blot and bar graphs showing expression of proteins FDX1 and DLAT, with significant differences in hypoxia treatments. F) Electron micrographs depicting cellular damage under hypoxia conditions, quantified as damaged mitochondria percentage. G-I, J) Bar graphs showing values for protein and cytokine levels, with statistical significance marked. K-L) Bar graph and Western blot analysis of SLC31A1 expression, with notable differences. Significance noted by asterisks (*, **, ***) for p-values.

SLC31A1 silencing or ATTM suppresses cuproptosis and inflammatory responses in hypoxia-induced macrophages. (A) Cell viability assessed by CCK-8; (B–D) The Cu2+ level, ATP content, and SDH activity in RAW264.7 cells determined by kits; (E) Levels of cuproptosis-related proteins FDX1 and DLAT in RAW264.7 cells measured by western blot; (F) Mitochondrial damage in cells assessed by TEM; (G) The LDH activity in RAW264.7 cell supernatants detected by the kit; (H-J) Levels of HMGB1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cell supernatants measured by ELISA; (K) SLC31A1 mRNA expression determined by RT-qPCR; (L) The SLC31A1 protein level measured by western blot. All cell-based in vitro experiments were independently repeated three times. Data were described as mean ± standard deviation, with multi-group comparisons conducted by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.