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. 2026 Mar 14;32(10):115821. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i10.115821

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Traditional Chinese medicine modulates immune system. IL: Interleukin; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-α; Treg: Regulatory T cell; Th17: T helper 17; CXCL8: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8.