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. 2026 Feb 23;14:1764867. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1764867

FIGURE 3.

Panel A shows a brightfield microscopic image of aligned spindle-shaped cells on a light background. Panel B displays a fluorescent image of cells stained with blue and red, indicating nuclei and cytoskeleton. Panel C presents a bar graph comparing OD values for control and GelMA/HA-NB/LAP groups at one, three, five, and seven days, showing increasing values over time with statistical significance at day one. Panel D consists of live/dead fluorescent staining images showing mostly green (live) cells for both control and GelMA/HA-NB/LAP groups at one, three, five, and seven days, indicating high cell viability throughout the time course.

Identification of HCFs and in vitro cytocompatibility assessment of GelMA/HA-NB/LAP. (A) Morphological identification of HCFs; (B) Immunofluorescence identification of HCFs; (C) CCK- 8 assay of HCFs cultured in complete medium (control group) and extracts of GelMA/HA-NB/LAP (experimental group) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days (*** p <0.001, n ≥ 3); (D) Live/dead staining assay of HCFs cultured in complete medium (control) and extracts of GelMA/HA-NB/LAP (experimental group) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Scale bar: 100 μm.