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. 2026 Feb 23;12:1656420. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1656420

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Copyright © 2026 Gao, Li, Yu, Xu, Song, Liu, Wei and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart outlining study identification via databases and registers. Initially, 1,630 records were identified from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. After removing 273 duplicates, 1,357 records were screened. Of these, 519 were excluded due to irrelevance, being reviews, case reports, or animal experiments. From 838 remaining, 659 not being randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were excluded. 179 reports were assessed for eligibility, with 163 excluded for not evaluating desired outcomes. Ultimately, 16 RCTs were included in the review. — PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) flow diagram for selection and inclusion of the studies via databases. Latest search date: Mar, 2025. Process followed PRISMA-NMA guidelines; final inclusion of 16 RCTs after screening.