Skip to main content
. 2026 Feb 23;12:1656420. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1656420

FIGURE 12.

Seven funnel plots labeled A to G display the standard error of effect size against the effect size centered at comparison-specific pooled effect. Different colored points represent various comparisons, including CA vs RC, CA vs Rh + RC, CA vs RhC, and RC vs RhC. Solid lines indicate effect size, and dashed lines form a funnel shape in each plot, indicating graphical representation of meta-analysis heterogeneity.

Funnel plots for clinical outcomes among patients undergoing different therapeutic strategies. (A) Funnel plot for LVEF; (B) funnel plot for BNP; (C) funnel plot for MLHFQ scores; (D) funnel plot for all-cause mortality; (E) funnel plot for heart failure-related hospitalization; (F) funnel plot for atrial fibrillation recurrence; (G) funnel plot for adverse events. Points represent individual studies; X-axis: Effect size (log OR for binary outcomes; SMD for continuous outcomes); Y-axis: Standard error (precision metric).