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. 2026 Jan 29;14:318. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04050-2

Table 8.

Differences in affiliate stigma scores by demographic characteristics (N = 308)

Variable Category Affiliate Stigma Score ( M ± SD ) t / F P
Caregiver gender Male 68.05 ± 9.25 -10.397 < 0.001
Female 78.58 ± 8.02
Residence Rural 73.43 ± 11.48 -0.976 0.333
Urban 75.18 ± 9.52
Occupation Farmer 73.83 ± 11.21 2.174 0.091
Worker 76.46 ± 8.72
Retired/Unemployed 73.59 ± 10.36
Business/Government/Other 73.44 ± 10.94
Education Junior high or below 79.39 ± 6.85 17.698 < 0.001
High school / Vocational 70.59 ± 10.11
Associate / Bachelor 76.26 ± 9.80
Postgraduate or above 79.91 ± 4.99
Marital status Married 74.53 ± 9.91 4.375 <0.05
Unmarried 81.70 ± 5.12
Divorced 81.71 ± 4.72
Monthly household income (¥) < 3800 81.27 ± 3.75 25.804 < 0.001
3800–5000 70.56 ± 9.62
5000–8000 74.10 ± 12.11
≥ 8000 79.59 ± 6.01
Duration of care < 1 year 74.85 ± 10.15 1.231 0.293
1–3 years 74.24 ± 10.17
> 3 years 77.33 ± 6.36
Patient gender Male 74.75 ± 10.29 0.095 0.758
Female 75.10 ± 9.36
Patient age 12 years 74.53 ± 7.88 1.246 0.283
13 years 76.07 ± 8.37
14 years 75.88 ± 10.63
15 years 72.51 ± 12.19
16 years 73.67 ± 10.82
17 years 77.14 ± 6.31
18 years 75.17 ± 7.79
Patient: first episode Yes 81.77 ± 2.49 -18.783 < 0.001
No 66.92 ± 9.14