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. 2026 Feb 24;8:1735652. doi: 10.3389/frph.2026.1735652

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© 2026 Sun, Yu, Zeng, Song, Ji, Liu, Peng, Liu, Wang and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two bar chart panels labeled A and B. Panel A compares misdiagnosis rates in countries, with Brazil highest, and Chinese provinces, with Henan highest. Panel B shows transfer rates, with India leading among countries and Hunan among Chinese provinces. Both charts rank the rates in descending order. — (A) Comparison of misdiagnosis rate in different countries and in different provinces of China. (B) Comparison of transfer rate in different countries and in different provinces of China. Countries or regions marked with a single asterisk (*) represent data from a single-study at a regional level. Countries marked with a double asterisk (**) represent data from a single-study at a national level. All other data are pooled estimates from multiple studies.