Table 2. Results of the unit root test for stationary by test (PP) at level and first difference.
| PP | Stationary of search variables time series at the original level | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Y | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | |
| With constant | t-Statistic | -2.2502 | -2.8115 | -2.9942 | -1.3723 | -3.1484 |
| Prob. | 0.1908 | 0.1614 | 0.0399 | 0.5915 | 0.0272 | |
| Result | n0 | n0 | ** | n0 | ** | |
| With Constant & Trend | t-Statistic | -2.7100 | -3.3389 | -2.9850 | -2.0797 | -3.2467 |
| Prob. | 0.2358 | 0.2678 | 0.1432 | 0.5484 | 0.0833 | |
| Result | n0 | n0 | n0 | n0 | * | |
| Without Constant & Trend | t-Statistic | -2.2597 | -3.0593 | -3.0065 | -1.2434 | -3.0890 |
| Prob. | 0.3239 | 0.1326 | 0.0031 | 0.1947 | 0.0024 | |
| Result | n0 | n0 | *** | n0 | *** | |
| Stationary of search variables time series at the First difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | d(Y) | d(X1) | d(X2) | d(X3) | d(X4) | |
| With constant | t-Statistic | -5.0706 | -4.9499 | -4.3532 | -4.9004 | -4.8449 |
| Prob. | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | |
| With Constant & Trend | Result | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| t-Statistic | -5.0500 | -4.9223 | -4.3108 | -4.8617 | -4.8110 | |
| Prob. | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0052 | 0.0009 | 0.0011 | |
| Result | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
| Without Constant & Trend | t-Statistic | -5.0968 | -4.9906 | -4.3704 | -4.9095 | -4.8748 |
| Prob. | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |
| Result | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
Source: Prepared by the researchers based on the outputs of the statistical program (Eviews10).
- The sign (*) indicates that it is significant at the level of (10%), the sign (**) means its significance at the level of (5%), and the sign (***) means that it is significant at the level of (1%) respectively.
- n0: It indicates that it is insignificant.